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Related Concept Videos

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

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 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System01:26

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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
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Recent advances in nanoengineering cellulose for cargo delivery.

Amir Sheikhi1, Joel Hayashi1, James Eichenbaum1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|December 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Naturally derived nanocelluloses, including bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), offer sustainable platforms for drug delivery. Engineering these nanomaterials enhances their capacity for loading and releasing diverse bioactive molecules.

Keywords:
Bacterial celluloseCancer therapyCellulose nanocrystalsCellulose nanofibrilsDrug deliveryHairy nanocelluloseNanocelluloseWound healing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Growing demand for eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic materials in biomedicine and environmental applications.
  • Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer, offers biocompatibility, biorenewability, and sustainability.
  • Nanoengineering cellulose structures yields versatile nanomaterials like bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in nanoengineering cellulose crystals and fibrils for drug delivery vehicles.
  • To explore the development of nanocellulose-based platforms for targeted delivery of bioactive cargos.
  • To highlight the role of surface property engineering in optimizing nanocellulose delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Nanoengineering of cellulose fibers from plant cell walls and microorganisms.
  • Chemical and mechanical treatments to produce cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF).
  • Surface modification of nanocelluloses to control cargo binding and release properties.

Main Results:

  • Development of diverse nanocellulose vehicles including nanoparticles, hydrogels, aerogels, films, coatings, capsules, and membranes.
  • Demonstrated ability of nanocelluloses to bind and deliver various bioactive cargos like drugs, proteins, and nanoparticles.
  • Surface engineering significantly influences loading/release kinetics, stability, toxicity, and biodegradability.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered nanocelluloses provide advanced, sustainable platforms for effective delivery of bioactive molecules.
  • The versatility of nanocellulose structures allows for tailored design of delivery systems for specific applications.
  • Further research into nanocellulose engineering promises innovative solutions in nanomedicine and beyond.