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Related Concept Videos

Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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Neurons, the fundamental units of the nervous system, can be classified based on both their structural and functional characteristics.
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling
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Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling

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Cell-type specific polysome profiling from mammalian tissues.

Joseph Seimetz1, Waqar Arif1, Sushant Bangru1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|December 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a polysome profiling method to analyze messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein composition in mammalian tissues. It provides a computational workflow for next-generation sequencing data, aiding gene expression research.

Keywords:
Cell-type isolation from tissuesNext-generation sequencing and bioinformaticsPolysome profilingRibosomal occupancy shiftTranslation regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Gene expression regulation involves complex interactions between transcription, processing, turnover, and translation.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) modifications and sequence elements significantly impact translational output.
  • Tissue-specific protein expression relies on regulated gene expression across diverse cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a detailed methodology for polysome profiling in mammalian tissues.
  • To enable dissection of mRNA and protein composition within the translatome.
  • To offer a computational workflow for analyzing next-generation sequencing data from polysome profiling experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Polysome profiling of whole tissues and isolated cell types.
  • Integration of high-throughput sequencing with biochemical methods.
  • Development of a computational pipeline for next-generation sequencing data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Established a robust polysome profiling protocol for mammalian tissues.
  • Enabled comprehensive analysis of the translatome, including mRNA and protein components.
  • Provided a validated computational workflow for subsequent data interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methodology facilitates in-depth investigation of translational regulation.
  • This approach is crucial for understanding tissue-specific gene expression.
  • The study enhances the capacity to study the translatome using advanced sequencing technologies.