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Related Concept Videos

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

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Proteins: From Genes to Degradation02:11

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Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA...
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Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

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It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates
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Viral-Mediated mRNA Degradation for Pathogenesis.

Shujuan Du1, Xiaoqing Liu2, Qiliang Cai3

  • 1MOE& MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. 17111010060@fudan.edu.cn.

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Viruses hijack cellular mRNA decay to control gene expression during infection. This review explores viral strategies for RNA shutoff and evading immune detection for successful pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cellular RNA decay regulates gene expression and responds to stress.
  • Viruses manipulate host mRNA degradation for their own gene expression.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to combating viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review viral strategies for controlling cellular mRNA decay.
  • To highlight mechanisms viruses use to evade immune surveillance.
  • To provide insights into viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on viral RNA decay manipulation.
  • Analysis of diverse viral strategies for regulating host mRNA stability.
  • Synthesis of knowledge on viral immune evasion tactics.

Main Results:

  • Viruses employ varied mechanisms to shut off cellular mRNA.
  • Viral control of RNA decay facilitates viral gene expression and infection establishment.
  • Viruses have evolved sophisticated strategies to evade host immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Viral manipulation of RNA decay is crucial for pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these viral mechanisms can reveal new therapeutic targets.
  • Targeting viral RNA shutoff pathways may offer novel antiviral strategies.