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Related Concept Videos

Quality Control01:05

Quality Control

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Quality control is one of the three cyclical quality assurance activities that help keep a system under statistical control. Typical quality control activities include creating quality control charts, conducting proficiency testing, and documenting and archiving results.
Quality control helps track data, visualize trends, and identify variations, making it easier to detect deviations that may affect the accuracy of an analysis. One way to do this is by generating a quality control chart, which...
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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
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Reaction Mechanisms03:06

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Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion, involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs.
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Quality Assurance01:19

Quality Assurance

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Quality assurance is the overarching term used to describe the activities employed to ensure the proper performance of a system. These activities can be classified into three categories: quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. Typically, these activities work cyclically: quality control is performed before and during the analysis, while quality assessment occurs during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are implemented based on the findings...
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Mitochondrial Quality Control Mechanisms and the PHB (Prohibitin) Complex.

Blanca Hernando-Rodríguez1,2, Marta Artal-Sanz3,4

  • 1Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain. bherrod@upo.es.

Cells
|December 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondria use stress responses like dynamics, mitophagy, and unfolded protein response (UPRmt) to maintain homeostasis. The prohibitin complex is key to mitochondrial health, impacting aging and disease.

Keywords:
PHB complexPHB-1PHB-2mitochondriamitochondrial dynamicsmitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt)mitophagyprohibitinsquality controlstress response

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Mitochondrial functions are vital for cellular processes including development, stem cell maintenance, stress adaptation, and aging.
  • Mitochondrial biogenesis necessitates coordinated gene expression and protein import for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and ATP production.
  • Mitochondria are crucial for lipid metabolism and require lipid supply for membrane biogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of mitochondrial stress response mechanisms.
  • To discuss the role of these responses in aging, particularly in *Caenorhabditis elegans*.
  • To highlight the prohibitin (PHB) complex's role in mitochondrial homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mitochondrial stress responses: mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).
  • Focus on aging mechanisms in *Caenorhabditis elegans*.
  • Examination of the prohibitin (PHB) complex's function in mitochondrial biogenesis, degradation, and stress response.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial stress responses are activated to ensure mitochondrial function meets cellular demands.
  • The prohibitin complex is essential for mitochondrial biogenesis, degradation, and response to stress.
  • Mitochondrial stress responses play a significant role in the aging process.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding mitochondrial stress responses is crucial for combating aging and age-related diseases.
  • The prohibitin complex is a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis.
  • Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms are vital for overall organismal health.