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Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

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When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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A thermodynamic system with zero heat exchange and work is an isolated system. For these systems, the internal energy remains constant.
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All neuromuscular blocking agents are injected intravenously because they are poorly absorbed from the GI tract. Rapid onset is achieved with intravenous administration, although absorption is also adequate from an intramuscular injection. Since these agents are highly ionized, they do not readily penetrate cell membranes or cross the blood-brain barrier.
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The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the robust methods for synthesizing unsaturated six-membered rings. The reaction involves a concerted cyclic movement of six π electrons: four π electrons from the diene and two π electrons from the dienophile.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) in Solid Tissues using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
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Multistability in the cyclic competition system.

Junpyo Park1, Younghae Do2, Bongsoo Jang1

  • 1Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|December 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals multistability in a rock-paper-scissor model, showing how species survival depends on initial densities. This finding enhances understanding of biodiversity and complex ecological dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Theoretical Ecology

Background:

  • Cyclic competition models offer insights into ecosystem biodiversity mechanisms.
  • Real-world competition involves complex phenomena not fully explained by current models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate multistability in a rock-paper-scissor model with density-dependent intraspecific competition.
  • To explore the impact of this novel intraspecific competition on biodiversity in a three-species system.
  • To understand how initial species densities determine survival states in a multistable system.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a rock-paper-scissor cyclic competition model incorporating logistic growth-dependent intraspecific competition.
  • Employed macroscopic and microscopic approaches to analyze the model's dynamics.
  • Investigated system stability, including heteroclinic cycles and stable attractors.
  • Analyzed the association between multistability and subcritical Hopf bifurcation.

Main Results:

  • A novel form of multistability was observed, absent in standard cyclic competition models.
  • The system demonstrated basins of attraction for stable heteroclinic cycles and attractors.
  • Initial species densities were shown to dictate the survival state of the ecosystem.
  • Multistability was linked to a subcritical Hopf bifurcation.

Conclusions:

  • The inclusion of density-dependent intraspecific competition introduces significant complexity and multistability to cyclic competition models.
  • This model provides a framework for interpreting rich dynamical phenomena in ecological systems with cyclic interactions.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of initial conditions in determining ecosystem stability and biodiversity outcomes.