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Sera from different age cohorts in Belgium show limited cross-neutralization between the mumps vaccine and outbreak

T Vermeire1, C Barbezange2, A Francart2

  • 1Department of Viral Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|December 4, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Mumps outbreaks occur despite high vaccination rates. This study found that antibodies from the MMR vaccine neutralize the vaccine strain but not wild mumps strains effectively, suggesting immune evasion.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Mumps outbreaks are emerging in highly vaccinated populations, challenging the efficacy of the mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccine.
  • The reasons behind these recent outbreaks, despite significant vaccine coverage, remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential differences in neutralizing capacity against vaccine and wild-type mumps viruses.
  • To assess the presence of waning immunity in vaccinated individuals.

Main Methods:

  • 570 serum samples from various age groups in Belgium were analyzed.
  • The rapid fluorescent foci inhibition test was used to measure neutralizing antibodies against both vaccine and wild-type mumps viruses.

Main Results:

  • Antibodies against the vaccine strain were prevalent across all age groups.
  • However, only about half of these samples showed neutralizing capacity against wild-type mumps virus.
  • Significant differences in neutralizing antibody titers between vaccine and wild-type strains were observed, indicating poor cross-neutralization.

Conclusions:

  • Antigenic differences between mumps virus genotypes (A and G) may contribute to reduced vaccine effectiveness.
  • Factors such as suboptimal vaccination coverage and waning immunity could also play a role in mumps outbreaks.
  • Further research is needed to understand the poor in vitro cross-neutralization and its implications.
Keywords:
Mumps virusNeutralizing antibodyOutbreaksProtectionRFFITVaccine

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