Membrane-based technology in greywater reclamation: A review

Greywater reclamation has been well recognized as an alternative water resource for non-potable or potable use. To meet greywater reuse standards, various membrane-based techniques have been widely adopted to treat greywater for producing water with superior quality. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review on membrane-based techniques in greywater treatment, including direct pressure-driven and osmotic-driven membrane processes, hybrid membrane processes (such as membrane bioreactors and integrating membrane separation with other processes), and resource recovery oriented membrane-based processes. Membrane performance and treatment efficiency in the reported membrane-based greywater treatment systems are evaluated and membrane fouling mechanisms and control strategies are illustrated. The advantages, limitations, and influencing factors on membrane-based greywater treatment processes are highlighted. Towards long-term sustainability of greywater reclamation, the challenges and prospects of membrane-based greywater treatment are discussed.