[Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and stroke]

Stroke, one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide, is frequently associated to the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. This sleep disorder has been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for stroke, and therefore its investigation and treatment has been recommended for patients with stroke. Mechanisms relating these two clinical disorders include: oxidative stress, cerebral blood flow alterations, autonomic dysfunction, and hypercoagulability, as well as patent foramen ovale, blood pressure, and heart rhythm disorders. Increasing amount of evidence supports continuous airway positive pressure therapy in patients with stroke, but further randomized clinical trials are needed to obtain solid conclusions. This work reviews the literature on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and treatment of apnea-hypopnea syndrome in patients with stroke.