Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
03:55

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.0K

Effect of Combined Epigenetic Treatments and Ectopic NIS Expression on Undifferentiated Thyroid Cancer Cells

Michele Massimino1,2, Elena Tirrò3,2, Stefania Stella3,2

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy michedot@yahoo.it.

Anticancer Research
|December 4, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Epigenetic drugs show promise for thyroid cancer, restoring radioiodine uptake in poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and enabling it in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) via sodium iodide co-transporter restoration.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Poorly differentiated (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) exhibit epigenetic alterations.
  • These abnormalities silence key genes like the sodium iodide co-transporter and Coxsackie adenovirus receptor.
  • Aberrant histone acetylation and DNA methylation contribute to thyroid cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the anticancer effects of epigenetic modifiers in thyroid carcinoma.
  • Evaluate histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in PDTC and ATC models.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed cytotoxicity of epigenetic inhibitors on PDTC and ATC cells.
  • Monitored gene expression changes in response to treatments.
  • Evaluated radioiodine uptake in treated tumor cells.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic treatments reduced tumor cell viability in both PDTC and ATC.
  • Restored sodium iodide co-transporter and Coxsackie adenovirus receptor expression and radioiodine uptake in PDTC.
  • Radioiodine uptake was restored in ATC only after ectopic sodium iodide co-transporter expression.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic treatments can inhibit thyroid cancer proliferation and induce Coxsackie adenovirus receptor expression.
  • Ectopic sodium iodide co-transporter expression can restore radioiodine uptake in ATC.
  • These approaches may benefit patients with radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer.
Keywords:
Coxsackie adenovirus receptorDNA methyltransferaseHDACThyroidepigenetic treatmentsodium iodide co-transporter

More Related Videos

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

2.3K
ATAC-Seq Optimization for Cancer Epigenetics Research07:13

ATAC-Seq Optimization for Cancer Epigenetics Research

Published on: June 30, 2022

5.3K

Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
33.8K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.9K
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.8K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
196.7K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
7.6K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.5K