Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Avery August: The data are the data.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2022
Same author

Arkaitz Carracedo: If the scientific question is good, the result will be interesting.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2019
Same author

Ross Levine: Focus on the critical questions.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2019
Same author

Sarah-Maria Fendt: Driving scientific discovery through collaboration.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2019
Same author

Stephanie Eisenbarth: Discovering the bigger picture.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2019
Same author

Claudia Jakubzick: Work hard, play hard.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2019
Same journal

Retraction: In vivo NCL targeting affects breast cancer aggressiveness through miRNA regulation.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same journal

Intravesical mesothelin-based CAR T cells targeting MUC16 effectively control bladder cancer in preclinical models.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same journal

Flawed translation triggers oncogenic B-T cell communication.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same journal

Correction: LCK'ed in: Inborn errors of immunity in LCK reveal how TCR signaling is calibrated.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same journal

Mechanobiology of inflammation: Pulling the strings of innate immunity.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same journal

Bile acid retention in efferocytic macrophages shapes their inflammatory status during cholangitis.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
10:42

Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

Published on: December 31, 2017

17.9K

Eran Elinav: Beyond the microbiome.

Stephanie Houston

    The Journal of Experimental Medicine
    |December 4, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Probiotics may disrupt human gut microbiota recovery after antibiotic treatment, contrary to expectations. This research highlights potential negative impacts of probiotics on microbial communities.

    More Related Videos

    Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans
    07:19

    Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans

    Published on: September 13, 2022

    2.7K
    Application of Flow Vermimetry for Quantification and Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Gut Microbiome
    08:38

    Application of Flow Vermimetry for Quantification and Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Gut Microbiome

    Published on: March 31, 2023

    1.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
    10:42

    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children

    Published on: December 31, 2017

    17.9K
    Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans
    07:19

    Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans

    Published on: September 13, 2022

    2.7K
    Application of Flow Vermimetry for Quantification and Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Gut Microbiome
    08:38

    Application of Flow Vermimetry for Quantification and Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Gut Microbiome

    Published on: March 31, 2023

    1.2K

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiome research
    • Human gut microbiota
    • Antibiotic treatment effects

    Background:

    • The Weizmann Institute's microbiome research group investigates the microbiota's role in various physiological systems.
    • Previous work established the microbiota's influence on post-dieting weight regain and circadian rhythms.

    Discussion:

    • Recent findings indicate probiotics can hinder microbiota recovery post-antibiotics.
    • This challenges the common assumption that probiotics universally aid gut health recovery.

    Key Insights:

    • Probiotics may negatively impact the human gut microbiome's resilience after antibiotic disruption.
    • Understanding these perturbations is crucial for effective microbiome-targeted therapies.

    Outlook:

    • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind probiotic-induced perturbations.
    • Developing targeted interventions to restore microbiota balance post-antibiotics is essential.