Immediate neurophysiological effects of transcranial electrical stimulation
Anli Liu1,2, Mihály Vöröslakos3,4, Greg Kronberg5
1New York University Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, 223 34th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA. anli.liu@nyumc.org.
Nature Communications
|December 4, 2018
Summary
Noninvasive brain stimulation, like transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), needs better mechanistic understanding. Future research should focus on validated models and artifact exclusion for improved validity and reproducibility.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biophysics
Background:
- Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques are widely used in research and clinical settings.
- Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), encompassing tDCS and tACS, is popular for its ease of use and therapeutic potential.
- A significant gap exists between the widespread adoption of TES and its mechanistic understanding.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current data and modeling of the immediate neurophysiological effects of TES.
- To identify areas needing further investigation for a comprehensive understanding of TES mechanisms.
- To propose directions for future research and technological development in TES.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing data and computational modeling studies on TES.
- Analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies in humans and animals.
- Consideration of indirect effects and novel technological advancements.
Main Results:
- The precise neurophysiological effects of typical TES protocols remain unclear.
- Validated models of current flow are crucial for informed study design.
- Careful exclusion of artifacts during signal recording and analysis is necessary.
Conclusions:
- Further investigation into indirect effects, such as peripheral stimulation, is warranted.
- The development of novel technologies can enhance the validity, specificity, and reproducibility of TES.
- Integrating validated models and rigorous methodology is essential for advancing the field of TES.
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