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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Small Intestine01:15

Small Intestine

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The small intestine is primarily responsible for digestion and nutrient absorption. It spans from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve and connects to the large intestine.
The small intestine is divided into three main sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, approximately 25 cm long, is nearest the stomach. It acts as a 'mixing bowl,' where chyme (partially digested food) blends with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and liver. The duodenum's unique...
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Large Intestine01:09

Large Intestine

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The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...
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Histology of the Large Intestine01:26

Histology of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
The innermost mucosa layer comprises simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. This layer is primarily populated with absorptive cells, tasked with water absorption, and goblet cells, responsible for secreting mucus to...
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Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

Histology of the Small Intestine

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Related Experiment Video

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Isolating Lymphocytes from the Mouse Small Intestinal Immune System
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Isolating Lymphocytes from the Mouse Small Intestinal Immune System

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Eicosanoid Isolation from Mouse Intestinal Tissue for ELISA.

Isabella Rauch1

  • 1Division of Immunology & Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Bio-Protocol
|December 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a method for isolating lipids from intestinal tissue. This allows for accurate measurement of eicosanoids, like prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), released by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).

Keywords:
ELISAEicosanoidIntestineLipid extractionProstaglandin

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Related Experiment Videos

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Isolating Lymphocytes from the Mouse Small Intestinal Immune System
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Inflammasome activation in macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) triggers eicosanoid release.
  • Accurate quantification of eicosanoids from IECs requires prior lipid isolation from tissue.
  • Existing methods necessitate lipid isolation before analysis via mass spectrometry or ELISA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a protocol for lipid isolation from intestinal tissue.
  • To enable the analysis of eicosanoids, specifically prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), from IECs.
  • To provide a method for normalizing eicosanoid measurements to tissue protein content.

Main Methods:

  • Lipid isolation from whole intestinal tissue.
  • Analysis of isolated lipids using PGE2-ELISA.
  • Normalization of results to total protein content of the tissue sample.

Main Results:

  • A reproducible protocol for lipid extraction from intestinal tissue was developed.
  • The method allows for the quantification of PGE2 released by IECs.
  • Normalization to protein content ensures accurate comparison across samples.

Conclusions:

  • This protocol facilitates the study of eicosanoid production in intestinal epithelial cells.
  • It provides a standardized method for assessing inflammatory mediators in the gut.
  • The findings support further research into inflammasome-mediated signaling in gastrointestinal diseases.