Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Citric Acid Cycle02:36

The Citric Acid Cycle

162.1K
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle, consists of several energy-generating reactions that yield one ATP molecule, three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and two CO2 molecules.
162.1K
Products of the Citric Acid Cycle00:53

Products of the Citric Acid Cycle

103.4K
The cells of most organisms—including plants and animals—obtain usable energy through aerobic respiration, the oxygen-requiring version of cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration consists of four major stages: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. The third major stage, the citric acid cycle, is also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
103.4K
Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

43.1K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
43.1K
Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

189.7K
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
189.7K
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

26.4K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
26.4K
Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

48.4K
In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
48.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diet, Physical Exercise, and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Extraction of mandelic acid with ionic liquids: parametric study, model and process optimization with L-SHADE.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Natural Oils as Green Solvents for Reactive Extraction of 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid: A Sustainable Approach to Bioproduct Recovery in Environmental Biotechnology.

Biomolecules·2025
Same author

Engineering Antioxidants with Pharmacological Applications: Biotechnological Perspectives.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Efficient Recovery of Valeric Acid Using Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Reactive extraction of muconic acid by hydrophobic phosphonium ionic liquids - Experimental, modelling and optimisation with Artificial Neural Networks.

Heliyon·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of an Aspirin-fumarate Prodrug that Inhibits NFκB Activity and Breast Cancer Stem Cells
13:38

Synthesis and Characterization of an Aspirin-fumarate Prodrug that Inhibits NFκB Activity and Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Published on: January 18, 2017

12.7K

Fumaric acid: production and separation.

Roxana-Andreea Ilica1, Lenuţa Kloetzer2, Anca-Irina Galaction3

  • 1Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iaşi, Iasi, Romania.

Biotechnology Letters
|December 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review explores green production of fumaric acid via biotechnology. It covers fermentation improvements and downstream separation techniques for efficient recovery and industrial application.

Keywords:
FermentationFumaric acidRhizopusSeparation

More Related Videos

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids
10:32

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids

Published on: March 2, 2012

25.1K
Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids
07:25

Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids

Published on: January 9, 2017

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of an Aspirin-fumarate Prodrug that Inhibits NFκB Activity and Breast Cancer Stem Cells
13:38

Synthesis and Characterization of an Aspirin-fumarate Prodrug that Inhibits NFκB Activity and Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Published on: January 18, 2017

12.7K
On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids
10:32

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids

Published on: March 2, 2012

25.1K
Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids
07:25

Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids

Published on: January 9, 2017

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Industrial Chemistry
  • Sustainable Chemical Production

Background:

  • Fumaric acid is a versatile chemical with broad industrial applications.
  • Current large-scale production relies on petrochemical routes.
  • There is a growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly production methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current biotechnological methods for fumaric acid production.
  • To analyze various downstream processing techniques for fumaric acid recovery.
  • To assess the economic viability of green fumaric acid production.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on fumaric acid biosynthesis and separation.
  • Analysis of fermentation optimization strategies, including renewable feedstocks and microbial engineering.
  • Evaluation of different downstream techniques such as crystallization, extraction, and membrane filtration.

Main Results:

  • Biotechnological production offers a sustainable alternative to petrochemical routes.
  • Optimized fermentation and efficient downstream processing are crucial for economic feasibility.
  • Various methods exist for fumaric acid separation, each with specific advantages and limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Green production of fumaric acid is increasingly important for industrial sustainability.
  • Further research in microbial strain development and separation technologies can enhance efficiency.
  • Biotechnological fumaric acid production holds significant economic potential.