Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acid Attack on Concrete01:21

Acid Attack on Concrete

756
When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
The rate at which hydrogen...
756
Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

8.4K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.4K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

11.3K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.3K
Sulfate Attack on Concrete01:29

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

740
Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
740
Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis

1.2K
Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2  and...
1.2K
Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

14.9K
Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
14.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sex differences in brain frailty measures and outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy: ESCAPE-NA1 analysis.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

Effect of PCC on Thrombin Generation in Patients on FXaI with Bleeding or Needing Urgent Surgery (GAUGE).

Blood advances·2026
Same author

Systematic review on the safety and effectiveness of restorative therapies for erectile dysfunction.

The journal of sexual medicine·2026
Same author

Reperfusion Therapy in ESCAPE-MeVO Trial Participants: Imaging Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes.

Radiology·2026
Same author

Association of 24-Hour Computed Tomography Infarct Density on Functional Outcomes in Stroke: Secondary Analysis From the AcT Trial.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

Location-Specific Hematoma Volume Tolerance for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Pooled Analysis of INTERACT2 and ATACH II.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
09:21

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

12.7K

How do neurologists diagnose transient ischemic attack: A systematic review.

Tess Fitzpatrick1, Sophia Gocan1, Chu Q Wang2

  • 11 Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.

International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society
|December 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Identifying transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is crucial for stroke prevention. Neurologists use specific clinical features and patient history to differentiate TIAs from mimics, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
Transient ischemic attackdecision analysisstrokestroke mimicstroke prevention

More Related Videos

A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion
05:20

A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

Published on: November 12, 2020

8.1K
Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists
05:22

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Published on: August 11, 2023

2.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
09:21

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

12.7K
A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion
05:20

A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

Published on: November 12, 2020

8.1K
Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists
05:22

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Published on: August 11, 2023

2.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Stroke Prevention
  • Diagnostic Medicine

Background:

  • Transient ischemic attack (TIA) diagnosis is vital for stroke prevention but often challenging.
  • Over one-third of patients referred to stroke clinics receive alternative diagnoses.
  • Accurate TIA diagnosis requires distinguishing it from TIA-mimics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review how neurologists diagnose transient ischemic attack (TIA).
  • To identify clinical and demographic features used in TIA diagnosis.
  • To understand the diagnostic process for TIA and TIA-mimics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search using PRISMA guidelines.
  • Databases searched included MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library.
  • Included publications detailing features used by neurologists to diagnose TIAs or mimics.

Main Results:

  • Neurologists favored negative symptoms and speech deficits for TIA diagnosis.
  • Positive symptoms, altered consciousness, or confusion suggested TIA-mimics.
  • Mode of onset, recurrence, vascular territory, age, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation influenced diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Neurologists utilize specific clinical and demographic features for TIA diagnosis.
  • These features are not fully captured by current risk scores.
  • Improved understanding can enhance patient selection for stroke prevention clinics.