ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Sarthroviridae

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Aquatic Animal Health
• Taxonomy

Background:

• The family Sarthroviridae comprises a single genus, Macronovirus, with one species, Macrobrachium satellite virus 1 (extra small virus).
• Extra small virus is a satellite virus of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus, an unclassified virus related to Nodaviridae.
• Both viruses infect giant freshwater prawns, exhibiting isometric, spherical virions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Sarthroviridae family.
• To provide an overview of the classification and characteristics of viruses within the Sarthroviridae family.

Main Methods:

• Review and summarization of the ICTV Report on Sarthroviridae taxonomy.
• Analysis of existing data on virus morphology, host, and disease association.

Main Results:

• The family Sarthroviridae contains the genus Macronovirus and species Macrobrachium satellite virus 1 (extra small virus).
• These viruses, along with Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus, cause white tail disease in prawns.
• White tail disease results in mass mortalities and substantial economic losses in prawn farming.
• Virus transmission occurs through both vertical and horizontal routes, with aquatic insects acting as carriers.

Conclusions:

• The Sarthroviridae family and its constituent viruses represent a significant threat to giant freshwater prawn aquaculture.
• Understanding the taxonomy and transmission dynamics of these viruses is crucial for disease management and mitigation strategies.