Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice
Published on: August 1, 2025
The development of the Adolescent/Young Adult Self-Management and Independence Scale II: Psychometric data
Kathleen J Sawin1,2, Amy Heffelfinger3, Susan E Cashin4
1Department of Nursing Research, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Purpose:
Measuring self-management behaviors in adolescents and young adults with chronic health conditions has become a priority in health care, yet there is a paucity of instruments that capture these behaviors. The purpose of this psychometric study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the 17-item generic Adolescent/Young Adult Self-Management and Independence Scale II (AMIS II).
Method:
Data were collected from 201 adolescents/young adults (AYA) with spina bifida and 129 of their parents. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach alpha, frequencies, Pearson correlations, and intraclass correlations were used to evaluate the data.
Results:
The exploratory factor analysis of parent data supported two related self-management factors (Condition Self-Management and Independent Living Self-Management). Confirmatory factor analysis of AYA data confirmed these two factors and an overall scale with good fit statistics (GFI and CFI = 0.86-0.95; RMSEA = 0.057). Internal reliabilities ranged from α= 0.72-0.89. Intraclass correlation analysis supported the stability of the instrument (ICC parent report = 0.82, AYA report = 0.84). Concurrent validity was supported with low to moderate correlations to six related but distinct variables.
Conclusion:
Psychometric analysis supports this expanded measure of self-management for AYA with spina bifida. Evaluation of this instrument in AYA with other chronic health conditions is underway.
Related Concept Videos
Cognitive Development During Adolescence
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adolescence
Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis
One important characteristic of noncompartmental analyses is that drug exposure increases proportionally with increasing doses. This...
Analysis Methods of Pharmacokinetic Data: Model and Model-Independent Approaches
The model approach uses mathematical models to describe changes in drug concentration over time. Pharmacokinetic models help characterize drug behavior in patients, predict drug concentration in the body fluids, calculate optimum dosage regimens, and evaluate the risk of toxicity. However, ensuring that the model fits the experimental data accurately...
pH Scale

