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Thyroid state affects H2O2 removal by rat heart mitochondria.

Paola Venditti1, Gaetana Napolitano1, Gianluca Fasciolo1

  • 1Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126, Napoli, Italy.

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
|December 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid state impacts rat heart mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) removal. Hyperthyroidism increases removal, while hypothyroidism decreases it, linked to changes in antioxidant systems and coenzyme Q levels.

Keywords:
H(2)O(2) releaseH(2)O(2) removalHeart mitochondriaThyroid state

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Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular research

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones significantly influence cellular metabolism and organ function.
  • Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular redox homeostasis, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) metabolism.
  • Understanding how thyroid state affects mitochondrial H2O2 handling is vital for cardiovascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of thyroid state (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism) on rat heart mitochondrial H2O2 removal mechanisms.
  • To determine the role of respiratory substrates, coenzyme Q content, antioxidant enzymes, and cytochromes in thyroid-mediated changes in H2O2 metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Measurement of H2O2 production and removal rates in isolated rat heart mitochondria under varying thyroid states.
  • Assessment of mitochondrial coenzyme Q9 and Q10 content.
  • Enzymatic activity assays for key antioxidant enzymes.
  • Pharmacological inhibition of specific antioxidant pathways.
  • Light emission measurements and Western blot analysis for cytochrome levels.

Main Results:

  • H2O2 removal rates were higher in hyperthyroid and lower in hypothyroid mitochondria, mirroring H2O2 release rates.
  • Mitochondrial coenzyme Q content (Q9 and Q10) was inversely correlated with thyroid state.
  • The contribution of individual antioxidants to H2O2 removal varied with thyroid state, though overall enzymatic and non-enzymatic contributions remained constant.
  • Cytochrome levels were altered by thyroid state, suggesting changes in reducing compound levels.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid state significantly modulates rat heart mitochondrial H2O2 removal capacity.
  • Changes in coenzyme Q content and antioxidant enzyme activity are key mechanisms underlying thyroid-dependent alterations in H2O2 metabolism.
  • Mitochondrial redox balance is intricately linked to thyroid hormone levels, impacting cardiovascular function.