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Mitochondrial DNA variants and pulmonary function in older persons.

Carlos A Vaz Fragoso1, Todd M Manini2, John A Kairalla3

  • 1Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, West Haven, CT, United States of America.

Experimental Gerontology
|December 4, 2018
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Summary

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants of African origin are linked to respiratory muscle strength (MIP) in older Black adults. These findings suggest mtDNA may identify individuals at risk for respiratory muscle impairment.

Keywords:
AgingMitochondrial DNAPulmonary function

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Gerontology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a crucial role in cellular energy production.
  • Pulmonary function declines with age, impacting respiratory health in older adults.
  • The relationship between mtDNA variants and pulmonary function in older populations is largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and pulmonary function in older individuals.
  • To determine if specific mtDNA variants are linked to measures of lung function, such as maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP).

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of two independent cohorts (LIFE and Health ABC) comprising older adults (≥70 years).
  • Evaluated cross-sectional associations between mtDNA variants and pulmonary function metrics (FEV1z and MIP).
  • Included both White and Black participants to assess potential racial differences in associations.

Main Results:

  • Significant associations were observed between specific mtDNA variants and MIP in Black participants (p < 0.0002).
  • These variants, including those in complex IV, complex V, and hypervariable regions, were unique to Black individuals.
  • No significant associations were found for MIP in White participants or for FEV1z in either racial group.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants of African origin are cross-sectionally associated with maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), a marker of respiratory muscle strength.
  • These findings highlight the potential of mtDNA variants to identify older adults at risk for developing respiratory muscle impairment.
  • Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these associations and explore their clinical implications.