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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Published on: April 11, 2019

Pupillary measurement during an assembly task.

Per Bækgaard¹, Shahram Jalaliniya², John Paulin Hansen³

¹DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads, Building 321, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.

Applied Ergonomics

|December 5, 2018

Summary

Children

Keywords:

Assembly manual Eye tracking Pupil dilation

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Area of Science:

Human-Computer Interaction
Cognitive Science
Usability Engineering

Background:

Digital interfaces are increasingly common for instructional purposes.
Understanding user cognitive load is crucial for effective design.
Gaze tracking offers a non-invasive method to assess cognitive effort.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the cognitive effort required for LEGO construction using printed booklets versus digital tablets.
To investigate the relationship between pupil dilation and task difficulty.
To explore the feasibility of using pupil size data in real-world scenarios.

Main Methods:

An empirical study involving 57 children assembling LEGO constructions.
Utilized head-mounted gaze trackers to monitor pupil dilation.
Compared performance and subjective feedback between printed booklet and digital tablet instruction groups.

Main Results:

Printed booklets elicited greater pupil dilation compared to digital tablets, especially as the initial medium.
Subjective reports indicated higher difficulty using the printed booklets.
Distinct pupil dilation patterns were observed in less productive children requiring more assistance.

Conclusions:

Pupil dilation can serve as a reliable indicator of cognitive effort and task difficulty in unconstrained settings.
Digital tablets may offer a more user-friendly instructional experience for LEGO construction compared to printed booklets.
Gaze tracking data holds potential for real-time assessment of user experience and cognitive load.