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Ecological Intensification: Bridging the Gap between Science and Practice.

David Kleijn1, Riccardo Bommarco2, Thijs P M Fijen1

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Ecological intensification offers environmental benefits for farming but is underused. Mismatches in perceived benefits between scientists and farmers, focusing on processes over profits, hinder adoption of these nature-based solutions.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Conventional agriculture intensification raises environmental concerns worldwide.
  • Ecological intensification, using ecosystem services to replace external inputs, shows potential for sustainable food production and environmental benefits.
  • Despite evidence, farmer adoption of ecological intensification remains low.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on replacing external agricultural inputs with ecosystem services.
  • To identify reasons for the low uptake of ecological intensification by farmers.
  • To provide recommendations for overcoming barriers to adoption.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of scientific literature on ecological intensification.
  • Analysis of the focus of scientific research (processes vs. outcomes) and benefit communication scales.
  • Identification of factors influencing farmer adoption of nature-based management practices.

Main Results:

  • Scientists often focus on ecological processes (e.g., pollination) rather than farmer-relevant outcomes (e.g., profits).
  • Benefits of ecological intensification are frequently communicated at scales not directly applicable to farm-level decision-making.
  • A mismatch exists in the perceived benefits of ecological intensification between the scientific community and farmers, impeding uptake.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the scientist-farmer perception gap is crucial for promoting ecological intensification.
  • Communicating benefits in terms of farmer-relevant outcomes and appropriate scales is essential.
  • Factors beyond ecological benefits, such as social acceptability, also influence the adoption of nature-based farming practices.