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Microbiome interactions shape host fitness.

Alison L Gould1,2, Vivian Zhang1,2, Lisa Lamberti3,4

  • 1Division of Genetics, Genomics & Development, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial interactions in the gut microbiome significantly impact host fitness, influencing life history tradeoffs. These interactions are as crucial as individual species for host development, reproduction, and lifespan.

Keywords:
Drosophilafitness landscapehigher-order interactionslife history tradeoffsmicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Ecology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gut bacteria influence host fitness traits like development, reproduction, and lifespan.
  • The host also shapes its gut microbiome composition.
  • The relative importance of individual bacterial species versus their interactions on host fitness remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent to which bacterial species interactions, rather than individual species, shape host fitness.
  • To understand the role of microbial community interactions in mediating life history tradeoffs in *Drosophila melanogaster*.

Main Methods:

  • Germ-free *Drosophila melanogaster* were colonized with all possible combinations of five core gut bacterial species.
  • Bacterial community abundances and host fitness traits (development, reproduction, lifespan) were measured.
  • Mathematical frameworks adapted from genetic epistasis were used to quantify the impact of bacterial interactions on host fitness.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial diversity accelerated development, reproduction, and aging, revealing a tradeoff where increased reproduction led to shorter lifespan.
  • Host lifespan and microbiome abundances were highly sensitive to interactions between bacterial species.
  • Higher-order interactions (3-5 species) were prevalent (13-44%) and affected multiple traits, reflecting life history tradeoffs.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial interactions within the gut microbiome are critical determinants of host fitness, comparable in importance to individual species.
  • These interactions are context-dependent and drive life history tradeoffs, influencing multiple host traits simultaneously.
  • Understanding microbial community dynamics, particularly inter-species interactions, is essential for comprehending host-microbiome relationships.