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Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials
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Programmable and printable Bacillus subtilis biofilms as engineered living materials.

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Researchers engineered a new living materials platform using Bacillus subtilis biofilms. This platform allows for tunable, printable, and self-regenerating functional materials with potential applications in biomaterials and biomedicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bacterial biofilms offer potential for creating living materials with self-healing and evolvable properties.
  • Current limitations in processability and functional protein secretion hinder the widespread use of artificial biofilms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a flexible and tunable living functional materials platform.
  • To overcome limitations in processability and functional protein secretion in artificial biofilms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the TasA amyloid machinery of Bacillus subtilis for engineering biofilms.
  • Genetically programmed TasA fusion proteins to secrete diverse functional proteins.
  • Assembled proteins into extracellular nano-architectures with tunable properties.
  • Fabricated engineered biofilms into 3D shapes using 3D printing and microencapsulation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated secretion and assembly of genetically programmable TasA fusion proteins.
  • Engineered biofilms exhibit hydrogel-like viscoelastic behavior.
  • Achieved precise fabrication of 3D microstructures with diverse shapes.
  • Materials remained alive, self-regenerative, and functional, exhibiting long-lasting and environmentally responsive properties.

Conclusions:

  • The developed platform provides a highly tunable and versatile approach to creating living functional materials.
  • This platform overcomes previous limitations, enabling new possibilities for biomaterials, biotechnology, and biomedicine.
  • The engineered biofilms offer unprecedented properties for advanced material applications.