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Related Concept Videos

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

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Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
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Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves01:19

Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves

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Sieve analysis is a method used to determine the particle size distribution of aggregate materials. This process involves the following steps:
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
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Using the GELFREE 8100 Fractionation System for Molecular Weight-Based Fractionation with Liquid Phase Recovery
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Sequence-defined multifunctional polyethers via liquid-phase synthesis with molecular sieving.

Ruijiao Dong1, Ruiyi Liu1, Piers R J Gaffney1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.

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|December 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method for creating sequence-defined synthetic polymers using liquid-phase synthesis and molecular sieving. This breakthrough enables precise control over polymer structure for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Significant efforts are dedicated to synthesizing precision polymers with specific sequences and functions.
  • Achieving precise control over monomer sequencing and efficient polymer isolation remains a major challenge in polymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general and robust strategy for producing sequence-defined synthetic polymers.
  • To enable precise control over monomer sequence and efficient isolation of target polymers.

Main Methods:

  • A combination of liquid-phase synthesis and selective molecular sieving was employed.
  • Polymers were assembled in solution with real-time monitoring on a three-armed star-shaped macromolecule to enhance molecular sieving efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The strategy was successfully applied to construct sequence-defined polyethers.
  • Side-arms were precisely located for site-selective post-polymerization modification.
  • Structural and functional diversity was introduced into the synthesized polyethers.

Conclusions:

  • This versatile strategy provides precise control over synthetic polymer architecture.
  • The developed method unlocks potential applications in nanotechnology, healthcare, and information storage.