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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.7K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
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Chaperonin CCT checkpoint function in basal transcription factor TFIID assembly.

Simona V Antonova1, Matthias Haffke2,3, Eleonora Corradini4

  • 1Molecular Cancer Research and Regenerative Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
|December 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers uncovered how the essential transcription factor TFIID assembles in human cells. A novel checkpoint involving the chaperonin CCT ensures correct subunit allocation, crucial for gene regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transcription factor II D (TFIID) is vital for eukaryotic gene regulation.
  • Distinct TFIID complexes with varying subunit compositions exist.
  • Mechanisms regulating TFIID assembly and subunit allocation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms governing TFIID assembly and subunit allocation in human cells.
  • To elucidate the role of specific TFIID submodules and chaperones in complex formation.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative proteomics to analyze TFIID submodules.
  • Structural and mutational analysis of the TAF5-TAF6-TAF9 submodule.
  • Investigating the role of the chaperonin CCT in TFIID assembly.

Main Results:

  • Identified novel interactions within the TAF5-TAF6-TAF9 submodule critical for TFIID integrity.
  • Discovered that TAF9 allocation to either TFIID or the SAGA complex is tightly regulated.
  • Revealed a checkpoint function for chaperonin CCT in nascent TAF5 processing and handover to TAF6-TAF9.

Conclusions:

  • The chaperonin CCT acts as a crucial checkpoint, ensuring proper assembly of holo-TFIID.
  • Multisubunit complex formation involves chaperone-facilitated checkpoint decisions for precise subunit allocation.
  • These findings provide molecular insights into the regulated generation of essential cellular machinery like TFIID.