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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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The vulva encompasses the external structures of the female reproductive system. At the forefront is the monpubis, a cushion of fatty tissue atop the pubic bone. Once puberty sets in, this area typically grows hair. Extending from just behind the mons pubis are the labia majora (labia = 'lips'; majora = 'larger'), which are larger skin fs olds coated with hair. Nestled within are the labia minora (labia = 'lips'; minora = 'smaller'), which are thinner, more...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
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Urinary bladder herniation through inguinal ring in a female cat.

Miranda de la Vega1, Katy L Townsend1, Jesse Terry1

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University, 172 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.

The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne
|December 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A cat experienced a urinary bladder herniation through the inguinal canal, causing lethargy and stranguria. Surgical repair (herniorrhaphy) successfully repositioned the bladder, resolving the condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Comparative Medicine
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Inguinal hernias are uncommon in cats.
  • Urinary bladder herniation is a rare complication of inguinal hernias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of urinary bladder herniation in a cat.
  • To describe the diagnostic and surgical management of this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) was used for diagnosis.
  • Herniorrhaphy and bladder repositioning via laparotomy were performed.

Main Results:

  • CT imaging confirmed partial herniation of the urinary bladder through the right inguinal canal.
  • Surgical repair successfully replaced the urinary bladder.

Conclusions:

  • Inguinal herniation of the urinary bladder, though rare, should be considered in cats presenting with relevant clinical signs.
  • Prompt surgical intervention is crucial for successful management.