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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
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The energy required to carry out photosynthesis is light— typically electromagnetic radiation from the sun. The range of all possible wavelengths is known as the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping
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Segmental testicular infarction following nephrectomy.

Sophie West1, Sanjay Karamsadkar1, Susan Cross1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel Road, Whitechapel, E1 1BB, UK.

Radiology Case Reports
|December 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Segmental testicular infarction is a rare condition. This case highlights conservative management following kidney rupture and nephrectomy, supported by ultrasound findings.

Keywords:
InfarctionNephrectomySegmentalTestesTrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Segmental testicular infarction (STI) is an uncommon condition with limited case reports.
  • Existing literature often associates STI with conditions like hypercoagulable states, vasculitis, and post-surgical complications.

Observation:

  • A patient developed STI after undergoing nephrectomy for a ruptured kidney.
  • Ultrasonography revealed characteristic appearances of the infarction.

Findings:

  • Conservative management was successfully employed for the segmental testicular infarction.
  • The case provides valuable insight into the diagnostic utility of ultrasound in STI.

Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of STI etiology and management options.
  • It underscores the importance of considering STI in patients with risk factors and relevant clinical presentations.