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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
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Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Toxicology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanoparticle (NP) applications raise environmental and health concerns.
  • Pulmonary exposure via inhalation is a primary route for NP toxicity.
  • Evaluating nanoparticle hazards to lung health is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel 3D human lung-on-a-chip model.
  • To assess the pulmonary toxicity of nanoparticles using this model.
  • To investigate the impact of NPs on the alveolar capillary barrier.

Main Methods:

  • Co-culture of human vascular endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells in a 3D microfluidic device.
  • Recreation of the alveolar capillary barrier using Matrigel.
  • Exposure of the model to titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles.
  • Assay of junction protein expression, permeability, cytotoxicity, ROS production, and apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • The lung-on-a-chip model successfully recapitulated human lung barrier functions.
  • Nanoparticle exposure induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity, increased permeability, and oxidative stress.
  • TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated varying levels of nanotoxicity on lung cells.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D human lung-on-a-chip is a versatile tool for pulmonary health and safety assessment.
  • This model aids in evaluating the risks of nanoparticles, environmental agents, food, and drugs.
  • It provides a more accurate in vitro system for predicting human lung responses to inhaled substances.