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Ellagitannins from the Onagraceae Decrease the Performance of Generalist and Specialist Herbivores.

Daniel N Anstett1,2,3, Iris Cheval4, Caitlyn D'Souza5

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada. daniel_anstett@yahoo.ca.

Journal of Chemical Ecology
|December 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ellagitannins (a type of plant phenolic) strongly deter insect herbivores, impacting both generalist and specialist species. These compounds demonstrate significant defensive roles, even at low dietary concentrations.

Keywords:
BioassayChemical ecologyOenotheinPhenolicsSchinia floridaSpodoptera exiguaTannins

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biochemistry and chemical ecology
  • Insect-plant interactions
  • Natural product chemistry

Background:

  • Phenolic compounds are known plant defenses against herbivores.
  • The specific defensive roles of ellagitannins, a subgroup of hydrolyzable tannins, remain unclear.
  • Previous research has rarely differentiated the effects of various ellagitannins on distinct herbivore types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of dominant oligomeric ellagitannins from Oenothera biennis on herbivore performance.
  • To compare the effects of different ellagitannin compositions on generalist (Spodoptera exigua) and specialist (Schinia florida) insects.
  • To assess the defensive efficacy of ellagitannins relative to total phenolic extracts.

Main Methods:

  • Artificial diets were formulated with varying concentrations (1-100 mg/g) of ellagitannin fractions (oenothein B, oenothein A, larger oligomers).
  • These diets were fed to generalist (S. exigua) and specialist (S. florida) insect herbivores.
  • Herbivore performance was compared between diets containing ellagitannin fractions, total phenolic extracts, and control diets.

Main Results:

  • Both ellagitannin fractions and total phenolic extracts exhibited strong negative effects on the performance of both S. exigua and S. florida.
  • The negative impacts were more pronounced on the generalist herbivore, S. exigua.
  • Ellagitannins demonstrated potent defensive activity, with lethal concentrations observed as low as 0.1% of the diet.

Conclusions:

  • Ellagitannins play a crucial role in plant defense against a range of insect herbivores, including specialists and generalists.
  • The study underscores the significant defensive capabilities of these understudied phenolic compounds.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize the specific defensive functions of diverse ellagitannin structures.