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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
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Mechanism of penehyclidine hydrochloride on a dysmenorrhea rat model

Hongtao Xiao1,2,3, Tingting Shi1,3, Lizhu Han1,3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

Drug Development Research
|December 5, 2018
PubMed

Primary dysmenorrhea affects the quality of life in young women, particularly school and work performance. This study investigated the mechanisms of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) efficacy on a rat model of primary dysmenorrhea. The model was induced by injecting both estradiol benzoate and oxytocin. Different doses of PHC were administrated intraperitoneally following estradiol benzoate administration. Writhing scores were assessed, and pathological changes of the uterus were observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the expression level of the M3 receptor, both TLR3 and TLR4 in uterine tissue, and the level of Ca2+ was measured in uterine tissues. Writhing scores significantly decreased in the PHC treatment group compared to model, and PHC alleviated the occurrence of edema or necrosis in the uteri compared to model group. PHC can decrease the M3 receptor, TLR3 , TLR4 expression, and the Ca2+ level compared to the model group. PHC is a potential candidate for the future treatment of primary dysmenorrhea due to its ability to attenuate muscarinic receptors and TLRs. Preclinical Research & Development.

Keywords:
TLRsmuscarinic receptorpenehyclidine hydrochlorideprimary dysmenorrheawrithing scores

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