Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats
Published on: April 7, 2023
Upward running is more beneficial than level surface or downslope running in reverting tibia bone degeneration in
Keigo Tamakoshi1, Yasue Nishii, Akira Minematsu
1Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan.
Objective:
We investigated the effects of upslope, level surface, and downslope running on indices of tibia and femur bone recovery in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
Methods:
Rats were randomly divided into five groups: one sham-operated (SHAM) group and four OVX groups. One OVX group was a non-running control (OVX-Cont) and the others performed upslope running (OVX-Up), level surface running (OVX-Level), or downslope running (OVX-Down) on a treadmill after ovariectomy. The metaphysis region of the proximal tibia, distal femur, and proximal femur were scanned by micro-computed tomography and various geometric and microarchitectural parameters as well as bone mineral density measured using bone analysis software.
Results:
Tibial bone geometric parameters, BV/TV and trabecular thickness, were significantly improved in OVX-Up and OVX-Level groups compared to that in OVX-Cont and OVX-Down groups, and improved to a greater degree in OVX-Up group than in OVX-Level group.
Conclusions:
Therefore, running slope substantially influences the beneficial effects of treadmill running on OVX-induced bone degeneration, with upward running being more effective than level surface running or downslope running, likely due to the greater bone loads associated with upslope running. The benefits of upslope treadmill running were particularly observed in the proximal tibia.
Related Concept Videos
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II
For binary data, runs are identified using symbols such as + and −, or equivalently, 1s and 0s. In...
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test I
The test works...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula
Upward Impending Motion
To better comprehend how a screw jack functions, consider the completely unraveled thread as a block in contact with the...
Leveling Effect
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

