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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
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Can Incorporating Brassica Tissues into Soil Reduce Nitrification Rates and Nitrous Oxide Emissions?

S F Balvert, J Luo, L A Schipper

    Journal of Environmental Quality
    |December 5, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Brassica forage crops reduced urea-derived nitrous oxide (NO) emissions in New Zealand soils. However, this effect was not due to nitrification inhibition, and total NO emissions increased, highlighting a complex tradeoff for using brassicas to mitigate agricultural emissions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Agricultural Science
    • Soil Science
    • Environmental Science

    Background:

    • New Zealand agriculture relies on pastoral grazing, a significant source of nitrous oxide (NO) emissions from animal excreta.
    • Forage crops, including brassicas, are increasingly used to supplement animal diets.
    • Brassicas contain secondary metabolites that may inhibit soil nitrogen (N) cycling, particularly nitrification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if secondary metabolites from brassica tissues inhibit nitrification.
    • To determine if incorporating brassica tissues into soil reduces NO emissions, especially from urea amendments.
    • To explore the tradeoff between reduced urea-derived NO and total NO emissions.

    Main Methods:

    • Incorporation of kale, turnip bulb, turnip leaf/stem, and ryegrass tissues into soil.
    • Amendment of soil with urea solution to simulate grazing urine patches.
    • Measurement of nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (NO), and ammonium (NH) over a 52-day incubation period.

    Main Results:

    • All brassica tissues significantly reduced urea-derived NO emissions compared to ryegrass.
    • The reduction in NO emissions could not be attributed to nitrification inhibition based on mineral N and microbial data.
    • Total NO emissions increased across all tissue residue treatments after incorporation into soil.

    Conclusions:

    • Brassica tissues can reduce direct NO emissions from urea in agricultural soils.
    • The mechanism for NO reduction is not nitrification inhibition; a tradeoff exists with increased total NO emissions.
    • Further research is needed to understand and manage the tradeoff for effective NO mitigation strategies using brassicas.