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Antibody persistence in pre-school children after hexavalent vaccine infant primary and booster administration
Shabir A Madhi1,2, Pío López3, Betzana Zambrano4
1a Faculty of Health Science Johannesburg, Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.
Insights
Antibody persistence for the DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T vaccine remains strong up to preschool age. A birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine significantly boosted anti-HBs persistence in one study group.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
- Vaccinology
Background:
- The DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T vaccine combines protection against diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliovirus, hepatitis B, and *Haemophilus influenzae* type b.
- Understanding long-term antibody persistence is crucial for evaluating vaccine efficacy and informing immunization schedules.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess antibody persistence for all antigens of the DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T vaccine at 3.5 and 4.5 years of age.
- To compare antibody levels following different primary and booster vaccination schedules in South Africa and Latin America.
Main Methods:
- A follow-up study evaluated antibody persistence in participants from two prior studies (South Africa and Latin America).
- Participants received various primary and booster schedules of DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T or related combination vaccines, with some receiving a birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine.
- Antibody levels were measured at 3.5 and 4.5 years of age.
Main Results:
- Antibody persistence for most antigens remained high and showed no significant differences between groups or studies at 3.5 and 4.5 years.
- In Study 1 (South Africa), a birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine significantly increased anti-HBs persistence at 3.5 and 4.5 years (from 76.3% to 96.1% and 73.3% to 96.1%, respectively).
- In Study 2 (Latin America), anti-HBs persistence was high and similar across groups.
Conclusions:
- The DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T vaccine demonstrates good antibody persistence for all its antigens up to pre-school age.
- Vaccination schedules during the first two years of life do not significantly impact long-term antibody persistence for most antigens.
- Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination can enhance anti-HBs persistence in certain populations.
Objective:
Antibody persistence evaluation for all antigens of a fully liquid DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T vaccine at 3.5 and 4.5 y of age following different primary series and booster schedules in South Africa and Latin America.
Methods:
Participants had completed one of two previous studies (Study 1-South Africa; Study 2-Latin America). In Study 1, participants who had not received HB vaccine at birth received a 6-10-14 week primary series of DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T or DTwP/PRP~T-Hib+HB+OPV and a third group who had received HB vaccine at birth received a 6-10-14 week primary series of DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T; all received a booster (15-18 months) of the primary series vaccine(s) except for HB in the DTwP/PRP~T-Hib group. In Study 2, participants received HB vaccine at birth, a 2-4-6 month primary series of DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T or DTaP-HB-IPV//PRP~T, and a DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T or DTaP-HB-IPV//PRP~T booster (12-24 months). Participants were followed up at 3.5 and 4.5 y of age for antibody persistence.
Results:
Approximately 80% of eligible participants were assessed. In Study 1, a birth dose of HB increased anti-HBs persistence (≥10 mIU/mL) following DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T primary and booster vaccination from 76.3% to 96.1% at 3.5 y of age and from 73.3% to 96.1% at 4.5 y of age; in Study 2, anti-HBs persistence was high and similar in each group. For the other antigens, there were no differences between groups or studies at 3.5 or 4.5 y.
Conclusion:
Good persistence of antibodies to each antigen in the DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T vaccine up to pre-school age, irrespective of the vaccination schedule during the first 2 y of life.
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