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Selected Risk Factors of Developmental Delay in Polish Infants: A Case-Control Study

Marzena Drozd-Dąbrowska1, Renata Trusewicz2, Maria Ganczak3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Management, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland. mdrozd@pum.edu.pl.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|December 6, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Identifying risk factors for developmental delay (DD) in Polish infants is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention. This study highlights maternal infections, Caesarian birth, and low birth weight as key risk factors for DD in infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Developmental delay (DD) poses a significant challenge in pediatric care.
  • Limited data exists on DD risk factors in Polish infants, hindering timely interventions.
  • Early identification of risk factors is essential for effective prevention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and identify selected risk factors associated with developmental delay in infants in Poland.
  • To provide data that can inform early diagnosis and prevention programs for DD in the Polish population.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 50 infants (≤1 year) with DD and 104 healthy controls.
  • Data collection through anonymous questionnaires administered to mothers in Szczecin, Poland (2017-2018).
  • Statistical analysis to determine significant correlations between risk factors and DD.

Main Results:

  • Common risk factors identified in infants with DD include Caesarian section (68%), infections (46%), and maternal chronic diseases (48%).
  • Significant correlations found between DD and maternal infections/chronic diseases, Caesarian section, preterm birth, low birth weight (<2500g), low Apgar score (≤7), prolonged hyperbilirubinemia, and lack of breastfeeding.
  • The study confirms the multifactorial etiology of developmental delay.

Conclusions:

  • Preventive strategies for infant DD in Poland must address identified pre/peri/postnatal risk factors.
  • Early detection and intervention in high-risk infants are highly recommended.
  • The findings underscore the need for targeted public health initiatives to mitigate DD risks.

Keywords:
infantmotor development delayrisk factors

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