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Breast Milk Macronutrient Components in Prolonged Lactation
Matylda Czosnykowska-Łukacka1, Barbara Królak-Olejnik2, Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz3
1Neonatology Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland. matylda.czosnykowska-lukacka@umed.wroc.pl.
Nutrients
|December 6, 2018
Summary
Human milk (HM) composition changes over time. After 18 months, fat and protein increase while carbohydrates decrease, with fat becoming the primary calorie source for older children.
Area of Science:
- Human milk composition
- Lactation biology
- Infant nutrition
Background:
- Human milk (HM) is crucial for infant development.
- Macronutrient composition varies with lactation stage.
- Limited data exists on HM composition beyond 1-2 years postpartum.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze longitudinal changes in HM macronutrient concentrations.
- To investigate HM composition from the 1st to the 48th month of lactation.
- To understand the nutritional contribution of prolonged breastfeeding.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study design.
- Analysis of macronutrient concentrations (fat, protein, carbohydrates) in HM.
- Correlation analysis with feeding duration.
Main Results:
- After 18 months of lactation, HM showed increased fat and protein, and decreased carbohydrates compared to milk from mothers breastfeeding up to 12 months.
- Macronutrient concentrations remained stable between 24 and 48 months postpartum.
- Carbohydrates positively correlated with feeding amount, while fat and protein showed negative correlations.
Conclusions:
- HM composition adapts to the infant's changing nutritional needs.
- Fat becomes the primary calorie source in HM for older children.
- Understanding prolonged lactation HM composition is vital for infant nutrition research.
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