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Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

848
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
848
Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

466
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

399
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

520
When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
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Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

477
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
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Imaging of the Microstructural Failure Mechanism in the Human Hip
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Multiresponsive polymeric microstructures with encoded predetermined and self-regulated deformability.

Yuxing Yao1, James T Waters2, Anna V Shneidman3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel stimuli-responsive microstructures using liquid-crystalline elastomers (LCEs). These microstructures exhibit complex deformations and multiple actuation modes, offering advanced functionalities for synthetic systems.

Keywords:
actuatorsautonomous materials multifunctionalityliquid-crystal elastomers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Soft Robotics

Background:

  • Biological systems utilize complex microstructures for dynamic functions.
  • Synthetic systems struggle to replicate the diverse reconfigurations and motions of biological microstructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce stimuli-responsive microstructures based on liquid-crystalline elastomers (LCEs).
  • To achieve hierarchical and mechanically unfavored deformation behaviors in synthetic materials.
  • To demonstrate multifunctionality with multiple actuation modes.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerizing prepolymer in patterned magnetic fields to encode mesogen orientation.
  • Utilizing the nematic-isotropic transition temperature (TN-I) to trigger specific deformations.
  • Incorporating light-responsive moieties for additional actuation capabilities.

Main Results:

  • LCE microstructures display prescribed deformations like twisting, tilting, stretching, and contraction upon heating.
  • Achieved three actuation modes: light-induced bending, magnetic-field-encoded deformation, and direction-dependent light-seeking motion.
  • Demonstrated patterned arrays with multiple area-specific deformation modes for applications in cargo release, image concealment, and reflectivity control.

Conclusions:

  • The developed LCE microstructures offer a versatile platform for advanced synthetic systems.
  • Potential applications include switchable adhesion, information encryption, autonomous antennae, energy harvesting, soft robotics, and smart buildings.