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Related Concept Videos

Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
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Mixtures of Acids01:19

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The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending on the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
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Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

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One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Resolving protein mixtures using microfluidic diffusional sizing combined with synchrotron radiation circular

Christian Bortolini1, Tadas Kartanas, Davor Copic

  • 1Chemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FF, UK.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel method combining microfluidics and synchrotron radiation circular dichroism to analyze complex protein mixtures. It allows for the characterization of secondary structures in individual components, including monomers and fibrils.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is vital for biomolecular characterization.
  • Analyzing heterogeneous protein samples, like interacting proteins, often yields only averaged CD spectra.
  • Resolving individual component structures in complex mixtures remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for resolving secondary structures of individual components in heterogeneous protein mixtures.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional CD spectroscopy for complex biological samples.

Main Methods:

  • Free-flow microfluidic size separation integrated with synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD).
  • Development of far-UV compatible measurement chambers within PDMS-based microfluidic devices.
  • Two microfluidic device architectures were designed to handle varying concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully resolved the secondary structure of individual components (monomers and fibrils) in a model protein mixture.
  • Demonstrated the capability to analyze complex mixtures that were previously intractable with standard CD methods.
  • The integrated system provides detailed structural information for each separated component.

Conclusions:

  • The combined free-flow microfluidics and SRCD approach enables detailed analysis of complex biomolecular mixtures.
  • This technique is applicable to studying protein misfolding and aggregation diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
  • The method paves the way for advanced characterization of intricate biological systems.