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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography
Published on: January 25, 2019
Tooth substance removal for ceramic single crown materials-an in vitro comparison
Franz Sebastian Schwindling1, Moritz Waldecker2, Peter Rammelsberg2
1Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. Sebastian.Schwindling@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Monolithic zirconia requires the least tooth structure removal for ceramic crowns. Choosing the right ceramic material significantly minimizes invasive preparation for dental restorations.
Area of Science:
- Dental Materials Science
- Restorative Dentistry
- Biomaterials Engineering
Background:
- Full ceramic crowns are essential for restoring damaged teeth.
- Material selection impacts the invasiveness of tooth preparation.
- Minimizing tooth structure removal is crucial for long-term tooth vitality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare tooth structure removal for various ceramic crown materials.
- To identify the least invasive ceramic material for full crown preparations.
- To evaluate the impact of material choice on preparation invasiveness.
Main Methods:
- In vitro study using 90 typodont teeth (incisors and molars).
- Teeth were digitized and weighed before and after full-crown preparation.
- Preparation guidelines for monolithic zirconia, polymer-infiltrated ceramics, veneered zirconia, feldspathic ceramics, and lithium disilicate were followed.
Main Results:
- Monolithic zirconia showed the least tooth structure removal for both incisors (42%) and molars (21%).
- Lithium disilicate and feldspathic ceramics required significantly more tooth structure removal.
- Buccally veneered zirconia was less invasive than fully veneered zirconia.
Conclusions:
- Full ceramic crown preparation is inherently invasive.
- Material selection, particularly monolithic zirconia, can substantially reduce tooth structure loss.
- Monolithic zirconia is the optimal choice for minimizing invasiveness in single ceramic crowns.
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