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Ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae.

D M Granoff, M Basden, R Rockwell

The Western Journal of Medicine

|February 1, 1978

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Ampicillin resistance in Hemophilus influenzae emerged in Fresno, California, by June 1976. Beta-lactamase testing accurately identified resistant strains, indicating a growing public health concern.

Area of Science:

Medical Microbiology
Infectious Diseases
Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

Ampicillin resistance in Hemophilus influenzae was previously unobserved in Fresno, California.
This study investigates the emergence and characteristics of ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae strains in the region.

Purpose of the Study:

To document the initial identification and prevalence of ampicillin-resistant Hemophilus influenzae in Fresno, California.
To assess the clinical significance and resistance mechanisms of these strains.

Main Methods:

Culturing and identification of Hemophilus influenzae from pediatric patients over a 12-month period.
Phenotypic detection of beta-lactamase production to assess ampicillin resistance.
Determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for ampicillin.

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Main Results:

Eight ampicillin-resistant type B strains and three resistant nontypable isolates were identified within 12 months.
Two resistant strains were associated with invasive infections (4.2% of invasive isolates).
Beta-lactamase testing correlated with ampicillin resistance, with resistant strains showing higher MICs.

Conclusions:

Ampicillin resistance in Hemophilus influenzae has become a significant issue in Central California.
Beta-lactamase detection is a reliable method for identifying resistant strains.
The findings suggest a potential statewide spread of ampicillin resistance.