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Feed processing and structural components affect starch digestion dynamics in broiler chickens.

K Itani1, B Svihus1

  • 1a Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Ås , Norway.

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Gizzard development influences starch digestion rate in broiler chickens. Extrusion cooking improves starch digestibility by increasing its availability, mitigating rapid digesta flow effects.

Keywords:
Broilerdigesta flowfeed processingstarch digestionstructural component

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Nutrition
  • Poultry Science
  • Digestive Physiology

Background:

  • Intestinal starch digestibility in broiler chickens can be impaired by rapid digesta passage.
  • Dietary processing methods, such as steam pelleting and extrusion cooking, affect nutrient availability and gut transit time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if impaired intestinal starch digestibility is caused by rapid digesta passage from the gizzard.
  • To determine if extrusion cooking can improve starch utilization compared to steam pelleting, especially under conditions of rapid digesta flow.

Main Methods:

  • A 2x2 factorial design using 7-day-old broiler chickens.
  • Diets manipulated gizzard development (coarse oat hulls vs. fine cellulose) and starch processing (pelleted vs. extruded).
  • Digesta and excreta were collected at intervals and analyzed for marker and starch content.

Main Results:

  • Coarse oat hulls increased gizzard size and capacity, with no excessive starch in excreta.
  • Birds fed pelleted diets with rapid digesta passage showed higher starch excretion and lower jejunal/ileal starch digestibility.
  • Extrusion processing significantly enhanced starch gelatinization and digestibility, irrespective of gizzard development, and increased digesta retention in the foregut.

Conclusions:

  • Starch degradation rate is linked to digesta flow, which is influenced by gizzard development.
  • Rapid feed passage through the gut can limit enzymatic hydrolysis of intact starch granules.
  • Extrusion cooking is a viable strategy to improve starch digestibility in broiler chickens, compensating for potential issues related to digesta transit time.