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Molecular and epidemiologic investigation of a rhinovirus outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit

Kenza Rahmouni El Idrissi1, Sandra Isabel2, Julie Carbonneau3

  • 11Faculty of Medicine,McGill University,Montreal, Quebec,Canada.

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
|December 6, 2018
PubMed

Insights

A healthcare-associated rhinovirus outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit involved multiple sources and horizontal transmission. This study highlights the risks of viral spread in vulnerable infant populations.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Healthcare-associated infections pose significant risks, especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
  • Rhinovirus (RV) is a common pathogen, but its role in NICU outbreaks requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular epidemiology of a healthcare-associated rhinovirus outbreak in a NICU.
  • To understand transmission dynamics and identify sources of rhinovirus in this vulnerable setting.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular sequencing of 7 rhinovirus outbreak strains.
  • Epidemiologic analysis of patient data and room assignments.

Main Results:

  • Sequencing revealed 4 distinct rhinovirus clades, suggesting multiple introduction sources.
  • Evidence of horizontal transmission was observed, with one clade infecting 3 patients in adjacent rooms.
  • One rhinovirus-associated death occurred during the outbreak.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple introductions and horizontal transmission contributed to the NICU rhinovirus outbreak.
  • Neonatal intensive care settings are susceptible to complex viral transmission patterns.
  • Effective infection control measures are crucial to prevent severe outcomes in NICU patients.

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