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Sexing the Cranium from the Foramen Magnum Using Discriminant Analysis in a Brazilian Sample
Thais Torralbo Lopez-Capp1, Christopher Rynn2, Caroline Wilkinson3
1Department of Community Dentistry, USP - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Brazilian Dental Journal
|December 6, 2018
Summary
Sex estimation using the foramen magnum in Brazilian crania yielded limited accuracy. Morphometric variables showed significant differences between sexes, but combined measurements offered the highest accuracy (71.7%), though caution is advised for forensic use.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Anthropology
- Craniometry
- Sex Estimation
Background:
- The foramen magnum's utility in sex estimation remains debated.
- Accurate sex determination is crucial in forensic identification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze foramen magnum morphometric variables for sex estimation in Brazilian adults.
- To evaluate the accuracy of different measurement methods.
Main Methods:
- Measured maximum length and breadth of the foramen magnum in 100 Brazilian crania.
- Calculated area using two methods (M1, M2).
- Applied univariate and multivariate discriminant functions and ROC curve analysis.
Main Results:
- Statistically significant sex differences (p<0.05) were observed for all variables.
- Univariate and multivariate analyses showed accuracies from 56.0% to 65.0%.
- Combining linear measurements with M1 yielded the highest accuracy (71.7%), with M2 being the best parameter via ROC analysis (AUC=0.693).
Conclusions:
- The foramen magnum can aid sex estimation but with limited accuracy.
- Caution is recommended when using foramen magnum parameters for sex estimation in fragmentary crania.
- A reference table for Brazilians was developed based on ROC analysis.
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