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Proton Mass Decomposition from the QCD Energy Momentum Tensor
Yi-Bo Yang1,2, Jian Liang3, Yu-Jiang Bi4
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
Physical Review Letters
|December 6, 2018
Summary
This study quantifies the proton mass components, finding quark and gluon energy contributions of 32% and 36% respectively. Momentum fractions align with global analyses, enhancing our understanding of proton structure.
Area of Science:
- * Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and Hadron Physics
- * Lattice Gauge Theory and Computational Physics
Background:
- * Understanding the proton mass is a fundamental challenge in particle physics.
- * Previous studies have explored quark and gluon contributions to proton properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To precisely determine the proton mass decomposition.
- * To calculate quark and gluon momentum fractions within the proton.
- * To investigate the contributions of quark condensates and the trace anomaly.
Main Methods:
- * Utilized overlap valence fermions on N_{f}=2+1 domain wall fermion configurations.
- * Employed lattice spacings, volumes, and pion masses, including the physical pion mass.
- * Applied fully nonperturbative renormalization and universal normalization for quark and gluon components.
Main Results:
- * Quark energy contributes 32(4)(4)% and glue field energy 36(5)(4)% to proton mass in the MS-bar scheme at 2 GeV.
- * Trace anomaly contributes 23(1)(1)% and quark scalar condensates 9(2)(1)%.
- * Calculated u, d, s, and glue momentum fractions agree well with global analyses.
Conclusions:
- * Provides precise quantitative results for the proton mass decomposition.
- * Confirms consistency between lattice QCD calculations and experimental/global analyses.
- * Offers crucial data for refining theoretical models of proton structure.
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