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Microtonal Variation in Sung Cantonese.

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Area of Science:

  • Music Perception and Cognition
  • Linguistics
  • Acoustic Phonetics

Background:

  • Music and language both influence fundamental frequency (F0) in singing.
  • Composers often represent tone height but not contour in sung tone languages.
  • This study investigates if singers add linguistic tone contour information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if Cantonese singers incorporate linguistic tone contour into unfamiliar songs.
  • To examine the use of microtonal variation in singing by Cantonese speakers.

Main Methods:

  • 12 native Cantonese-speaking non-professional choral singers participated.
  • Participants learned and sang a novel Cantonese song with minimal Cantonese tones.
  • The study analyzed whether singers added missing contour information.

Main Results:

  • Cantonese singers introduced a rising F0 contour of less than a semitone for syllables with lexical rising tones.
  • This microtonal variation was absent when singers used a lower vocal register.

Conclusions:

  • Cantonese singers utilize microtonal contours to convey the rising contours of Cantonese linguistic tones.
  • Singing performance can reflect subtle linguistic features, particularly in higher vocal registers.