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Decreased Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents with Newly Diagnosed Type 1
Paweł Więch1, Dariusz Bazaliński2, Izabela Sałacińska3
1Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland. p.k.wiech@gmail.com.
Insights
Newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in children is linked to poorer nutritional status, indicated by lower phase angle (PA) values. This sensitive indicator suggests impaired body composition and function compared to healthy peers.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Nutritional Science
- Biomarkers
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis in children can impact overall health.
- Nutritional status and body composition are crucial for pediatric health outcomes.
- Phase angle (PA) is a sensitive bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) metric for nutritional and functional assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate body composition and nutritional status in pediatric patients newly diagnosed with T1D.
- To assess the utility of phase angle (PA) as an indicator in this specific population.
- To compare PA values between T1D pediatric patients and healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- Utilized bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to calculate phase angle (PA).
- Included 63 pediatric patients (4-18 years) with newly diagnosed T1D.
- Matched 63 healthy children and adolescents as a control group (1:1 ratio).
Main Results:
- Diabetic patients exhibited significantly lower PA compared to controls (4.85 ± 0.86 vs. 5.62 ± 0.81, p < 0.001).
- Lower body cell mass percentage (BCM%), body cell mass index (BCMI), and muscle mass percentage (MM%) were observed in T1D patients.
- Results indicate a worse nutritional and functional status in pediatric T1D patients.
Conclusions:
- Newly diagnosed pediatric T1D patients show significantly impaired nutritional and functional status.
- Phase angle (PA) is a sensitive indicator of these impairments in pediatric T1D.
- Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are needed to determine the predictive and prognostic value of PA.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to assess the body composition and nutritional status of hospitalized pediatric patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with phase angle (PA) calculation. PA is considered to be a useful and very sensitive indicator of the nutritional and functional status, and it has not yet been evaluated in such a population. Sixty-three pediatric patients aged 4 to 18 years, with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, were included in the study. The control group consisted of 63 healthy children and adolescents strictly matched by gender and age in a 1:1 case: control manner. In both groups, BIA with PA calculation was performed. Diabetic patients, in comparison to control subjects, had a highly significantly lower PA of 4.85 ± 0.86 vs. 5.62 ± 0.81, p < 0.001. They also demonstrated a lower percentage of body cell mass (BCM%), 46.89 ± 5.67% vs. 51.40 ± 4.19%, p < 0.001; a lower body cell mass index (BCMI), 6.57 ± 1.80% vs. 7.37 ± 1.72%, p = 0.004; and a lower percentage of muscle mass (MM%), 44.61 ± 6.58% vs. 49.40 ± 7.59%, p < 0.001, compared to non-diabetic controls. The significantly lower PA value in diabetic patients indicate their worse nutritional and functional status compared to healthy subjects. To assess the predictive and prognostic value of this finding in this population, further prospective studies involving larger sample of patients are required.
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