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Overuse injuries in sport: a comprehensive overview.
R Aicale1, D Tarantino2, N Maffulli2,3
1Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy. aicale17@gmail.com.
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
|December 7, 2018
Summary
Overuse injuries in athletes, including tendinopathy and stress fractures, stem from excessive loading and insufficient recovery. Understanding their pathophysiology is key to developing effective management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Orthopedics
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Overuse injuries lack a single traumatic cause, often resulting from excessive loading, inadequate recovery, and underpreparedness.
- The musculoskeletal system is vulnerable to overuse injuries affecting bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments due to excessive stress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of overuse injuries in sports.
- To describe the theoretical foundations predisposing athletes to tendinopathy, stress fractures, stress reactions, and juvenile osteochondritis dissecans.
- To discuss the implications of these pathologies in injury management.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases up to March 2018.
- Keywords included: overuse, injury, tendon, tendinopathy, stress fracture, stress reaction, and juvenile osteochondritis dissecans.
- The review focused on the pathophysiology and incidence of overuse sport injuries.
Main Results:
- Overuse tendinopathy presents with pain, swelling, reduced exercise tolerance, and tendon degeneration.
- Poor training techniques and risk factors can lead to stress reactions, potentially progressing to stress fractures.
- Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) is a common cause of pain in adolescents, involving subchondral bone necrosis.
Conclusions:
- Further research is needed to enhance understanding of tendon and bone healing processes.
- Improved knowledge will facilitate the development of targeted treatment strategies for overuse injuries.
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