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Mining and biodiversity: key issues and research needs in conservation science.

Laura J Sonter1,2,3, Saleem H Ali4,3,5, James E M Watson6,2,7

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Mining threatens biodiversity, but can fund conservation efforts. Strategic planning and dialogue are crucial for balancing mineral demand with biodiversity protection.

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation Science
  • Environmental Management
  • Mining Impacts

Background:

  • Mining presents significant, specific threats to biodiversity.
  • It can also finance long-term alternative livelihoods that may prevent biodiversity loss.
  • Current conservation approaches often oversimplify mining's complex relationship with biodiversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize core issues for coexistence between mining and conservation.
  • To illustrate diverse pathways and spatial scales of mining's impact on biodiversity.
  • To argue for improved conservation strategies beyond traditional site-based methods.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis of mining impacts and conservation strategies.
  • Analysis of spatial scales and pathways of biodiversity loss.
  • Review of future mineral demand and mining operation trends.

Main Results:

  • Site-based conservation is insufficient against an expanding mining footprint.
  • Long-term strategic assessment and planning offer opportunities to improve conservation outcomes.
  • Mining operations are projected to shift towards more dispersed and biodiverse areas.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent dialogue is needed between mining companies, policymakers, and conservation organizations.
  • Integrating conservation into mining agendas requires a broader understanding of impacts.
  • Balancing increasing mineral demand with biodiversity preservation is a critical global challenge.