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Drying and Rainfall Shape the Structure and Functioning of Nitrifying Microbial Communities in Riverbed Sediments.

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Stream drying alters riverbed nitrogen cycling and microbial communities. Sporadic rainfall can modulate these effects, impacting nitrogen processing in rivers with fluctuating water levels.

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AOAAOBCOMAMMOXNOBammonia oxidationintermittentnitrificationstream

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Geochemistry
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Non-flow periods, or drying, are increasingly common in global fluvial ecosystems.
  • Streambed drying and rewetting events significantly impact microbial communities and nitrogen cycling.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for predicting nutrient transport in variable hydrological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of dry period duration and rainfall rewetting on nitrogen stocks, ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, and nitrous oxide emissions in riverbed sediments.
  • To assess the response of nitrogen cycling and microbial communities to different drying and rewetting scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • A microcosm experiment simulating various dry period durations (0-9 weeks) and rainfall amounts (0-21 mm).
  • Analysis of nitrogen pools (ammonium, nitrate) and nitrous oxide emissions.
  • Quantification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR.

Main Results:

  • Progressive drying led to decreased ammonium and increased nitrate pools, with a rise in AOB and AOA abundance despite reduced ammonia oxidation rates.
  • Nitrous oxide emissions initially increased during early drying, then decreased.
  • Significant rainfall (21 mm) boosted ammonium and ammonia oxidation, while moderate rainfall (4 mm) triggered notable nitrous oxide fluxes, particularly after prolonged drying (≥6 weeks).

Conclusions:

  • Progressive drying profoundly alters in-stream nitrogen cycling and associated microbial communities.
  • Sporadic rainfall events can modulate these drying-induced effects on nitrogen processing.
  • Findings are vital for understanding nitrogen dynamics in rivers prone to alternating dry and wet phases, a scenario of growing environmental concern.