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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Stroke: The past, present and future.

I Mhairi Macrae1, Stuart M Allan2

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Brain and Neuroscience Advances
|December 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Despite numerous preclinical drug successes for stroke, none have translated to clinical treatments. Research quality has improved, paving the way for future bench-to-bedside translation in stroke therapies.

Keywords:
Strokebrain injurycerebral ischaemiapreclinical

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Translational Medicine
  • Stroke Research

Background:

  • Significant advancements in understanding stroke-induced brain damage mechanisms.
  • Development of numerous drugs based on the ischaemic cascade, with preclinical efficacy but no clinical translation.
  • Current stroke treatments remain limited to thrombolysis and thrombectomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in stroke research from preclinical models to clinical applications.
  • To highlight improvements in animal models, technologies, and study designs in stroke research.
  • To discuss advancements in clinical diagnostics and trial designs for stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanistic understanding of stroke-induced brain damage.
  • Analysis of preclinical drug development and translational outcomes.
  • Examination of advancements in rodent models, imaging technologies, and study guidelines (STAIR, ARRIVE, IMPROVE).
  • Assessment of progress in clinical diagnostic imaging and clinical trial design.

Main Results:

  • Hundreds of drugs showed preclinical efficacy but failed clinical translation.
  • Significant improvements in the quality and design of preclinical stroke research.
  • Advances in clinical imaging for stroke diagnosis and patient stratification.
  • Enhanced clinical trial designs for stroke interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Translational failure in stroke drug development has spurred improvements in research quality.
  • Refined preclinical models, technologies, and study designs are enhancing stroke research.
  • Parallel advances in clinical diagnostics and trial design are crucial.
  • These combined preclinical and clinical advancements form the basis for future successful translation of stroke therapies.