Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

29.9K
Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
29.9K
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

3.3K
3.3K
Cholinergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:29

Cholinergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

2.8K
Cholinergic antagonists bind to cholinergic receptors and limit the effects of acetylcholine and other cholinergic agonists. Based on the specific cholinergic receptor affinity, these antagonists are classified as muscarinic or nicotinic. Anticholinergics interrupt parasympathetic innervations while sympathetic innervations remain uninterrupted. Muscarinic antagonists are also called 'muscarinic antagonists', 'antimuscarinics', or 'parasympatholytics'. Nicotinic...
2.8K
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

25.2K
Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
25.2K
Vision01:24

Vision

60.0K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
60.0K
Structure and Function of Erythrocytes01:29

Structure and Function of Erythrocytes

5.9K
There are between 4.2 and 6 million erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, in every microliter of blood. These cells are small, flattened biconcave discs with centers that are depressed.
The erythrocyte plasma membrane is associated with proteins such as spectrin, which forms a flexible cytoplasmic meshwork. This meshwork allows erythrocytes to twist, turn, become cup-shaped, and regain their biconcave shape as they pass through narrow capillaries. Additionally, erythrocytes can form...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integrated metabolomics and proteomics from voxelated cortical hemispheres of adult rhesus monkeys.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Perceptual performance and V1 neural activity are sensitive to highly localized changes in thalamocortical gain.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Calcium-binding protein expression alone is insufficient to identify and classify GABAergic neurons in macaque cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Diverse Spatiotemporal Scales of Cholinergic Signaling in the Neocortex.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2020
Same author

Translational implications of the anatomical nonequivalence of functionally equivalent cholinergic circuit motifs.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision
09:29

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

Published on: February 11, 2014

13.5K

Structure and function of dual-source cholinergic modulation in early vision.

Juliane Krueger1, Anita A Disney1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.

The Journal of Comparative Neurology
|December 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Neuromodulators like acetylcholine influence how we process sensory information, impacting vision. This review explores acetylcholine

Keywords:
LGNV1macaqueneuromodulationprimatevisual cortex

More Related Videos

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function
11:35

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function

Published on: December 8, 2010

16.9K
Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
07:42

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision
09:29

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

Published on: February 11, 2014

13.5K
Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function
11:35

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function

Published on: December 8, 2010

16.9K
Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients
07:42

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing
  • Visual System

Background:

  • Behavioral states (arousal, attention) significantly impact sensory perception.
  • Neuromodulators, such as acetylcholine, released from subcortical structures, are key mediators of this state-dependence.
  • The interaction between nonsynaptic neuromodulatory signals and cortical circuitry is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of cholinergic modulation in early visual processing.
  • To highlight the anatomical and physiological aspects of the cholinergic and visual systems.
  • To explore the functional roles of acetylcholine in visual processing across different states.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing anatomical and physiological studies.
  • Analysis of research on cholinergic systems.
  • Examination of studies on visual thalamus and primary visual cortex.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests cholinergic modulation in the visual thalamus and primary visual cortex.
  • Acetylcholine influences visual processing across the sleep-wake cycle.
  • Cholinergic systems play a role in sensory gain control and visual attention.

Conclusions:

  • Acetylcholine significantly impacts early visual processing.
  • Understanding cholinergic mechanisms is crucial for comprehending state-dependent sensory perception.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functional roles of acetylcholine in vision.