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Diagnostic Value of HLA Typing in Pathogenesis of Cardiomyopathy

Habib Haybar1, Saeid Shahrabi2, Mohammad Shahjahani3

  • 1Atherosclerosis research center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Drug Targets
|December 7, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression on heart tissue during infection may trigger autoimmune responses, contributing to cardiomyopathy (CM). Evaluating HLA expression and gene polymorphisms could help detect CM susceptibility.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cardiomyopathy (CM) development is multifactorial, with immune responses to infections playing a significant role.
  • Microbial and viral infections can trigger immune reactions targeting myocardial tissue, contributing to CM pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) and their pathogenic mechanisms in the incidence of Cardiomyopathy (CM).
  • To explore how HLA expression and polymorphisms influence the development of CM.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, covering English-language papers from 1989 to 2017.
  • Keywords used included "Cardiomyopathy", "Human leukocyte antigen or HLA", "immune response", and "polymorphism".
  • Analysis focused on the role of HLA class II molecules in myocardial tissue during infections and the impact of polymorphisms and miRNA expression.

Main Results:

  • During viral and microbial infections in CM patients, HLA class II molecules are expressed on myocardial tissue, unlike in normal conditions.
  • These expressed HLAs present self-antigens, potentially provoking autoimmune responses against the heart.
  • Polymorphisms and disrupted microRNA (miRNA) expression can alter HLA expression, leading to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • Evaluation of HLA expression patterns is crucial for understanding CM development.
  • Identifying polymorphisms in HLA-coding genes can serve as effective diagnostic markers for CM susceptibility.
  • This research highlights the link between immune system dysregulation, HLA genetics, and heart muscle disease.

Keywords:
Human leukocyte antigencardiac muscle diseasescardiomyopathyimmune responsemyocardial tissuepolymorphism.

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